都江堰 DU JIANG YAN
Dujiangyan is located in the west of Dujiangyan City, Sichuan Province. It is the oldest and only remaining great irrigation system in the world that is still in use today.
都江堰，位于四川省都江堰市城西，是全世界迄今为止，年代最久，唯一留存的仍在一直使用的伟大水利工程。
Yu Qiuyu, a famous Chinese writer and scholar wrote that,
In my opinion, the most exciting project in Chinese history is not the Great Wall, but Dujiangyan.
In 316 BC, after the Qin State conquered Bashu area, Qin wanted to turn the Sichuan Basin into a super granary, but a problem arose at this time. As the most important river in the Sichuan Basin, the Minjiang River is a hanging river with a maximum altitude drop of 270 meters. People who lived in the area of the Min River were plagued by annual flooding.
公元前316年，秦国攻灭巴蜀后，想把四川盆地打造成一座超级粮仓，但此时出现一个难题。作为四川盆地最重要的河流岷江，是一条悬河，最高海拔落差270米，住在岷江地区的人们经常被凶猛的岷江困扰着。
King Zhao of Qin sent Li Bing hydrologist to solve this problem.
秦昭襄王便派水文学者李冰去解决这个难题。
After Li Bing and his son came to Sichuan, Li Bing determined the idea of water control after field investigation. Without building dams and changing the flow direction of the Minjiang River, he divided the Minjiang River into two parts inner stream and outer stream.
李冰父子来到蜀中后，经过实地考察，李冰确定了治水思路，在不修筑堤坝，不改变岷江流向的前提下，将岷江一分为二，内江引水至成都平原，外江排涝泄洪。
inner river ( Chinese内江) redirects a portion of the river's flow and then to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water upon the dry Chengdu Plain beyond.
内江将部分河水改道，然后在玉垒山开凿一条河道，将多余的水排到远处干燥的成都平原。
Outer stream( Chinese 外江) remains the direction of the river’s flow and it is used for drainage and flood discharge.
外江是保留了岷江的原始走向，用于排涝泄洪。
Cutting the channel proved to be a far greater problem. Li Bing and his son adopted the method of combining fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, a 20-meter (66 ft)-wide channel (The Baopingkou or Bottle-Neck Channel (Chinese:宝瓶口) had been gouged through the mountain.
事实证明，开凿出一条河道是一个更大的问题。李冰父子在没有火药的情况下，历时8年，用热胀冷缩的办法开凿出了一个山口宽20米的宝瓶口。
Just making one channel is definitely not enough. In order to divert water more efficiently, Li Bing and his son built a Yuzui or Fish Mouth Levee (Chinese:鱼嘴). It divides the water into inner and outer streams. The inner stream is deep and narrow, while the outer stream is relatively shallow but wide. This special structure ensures that the inner stream carries approximately 60% of the river's flow into the irrigation system during dry season. While during flood, this amount decreases to 40% to protect the people from flooding. The outer stream drains away the rest, flushing out much of the silt and sediment.
仅仅打出一个缺口肯定不行，为了更高效地引水，李冰父子在河流中心，建了鱼嘴。它将水分成内江和外江。内江深而窄，外江较浅但宽。这种特殊的结构确保内江在枯水期将大约 60% 的河水输送到灌溉系统。 丰水期，这个比例减少到40%，以保护人们免受洪水的侵害。外江排出其余部分，冲走大部分淤泥和沉积物。
After the water quantity problem was solved, Li Bing and his son built The Feishayan or Flying Sand Weir (Chinese:飞沙堰) and Lidui (Chinese:离堆) to prevent sediment from clogging the mouth of Baopingkou. The Baopingkou is narrower than the inner stream. When the water from the inner stream flows to the Baopingkou, the river channel suddenly narrows. In addition, Lidui blocks the water flow, which will form a backflow.
水量问题解决后，为了防止泥沙堵塞宝瓶口，李冰父子修建了飞沙堰和离堆。宝瓶口比内江狭窄，内江水流至宝瓶口处，河道突然变窄，加上离堆对水流的阻拦，就会形成回流。
The sand and stones in the water will be thrown to the Feishayan (Chinese:飞沙堰), and the remaining small amount of sand and stones will be deposited in the Fengqi Nest (Chinese: 风栖窝) opposite the Feishayan, and will be taken out by the river workers every year.
When the flood comes, the excess water will be drained through the Feishayan. In this way, the second level of automatic diversion is automatically formed.
水中的沙石就会被甩飞到飞沙堰，剩余的少量沙石沉淀在飞沙堰对面的风栖窝，每年由河工掏出，洪水到来时，多余的水还会通过飞沙堰排向外江，这样就自动形成了第二级自动分流。
The Dujiangyan irrigation system turned the Chengdu Plain into a super granary of the Qin State. Li Bing and his sons applied the Chinese philosophy of harmony between man and nature and letting nature take its course in the project, making Dujiangyan continue to thrive for more than two thousand years.
都江堰的建成使成都平原一跃成为了秦国的超级粮仓。李冰父子将天人合一，顺其自然的中国哲学思想应用在工程之中，使都江堰历经两千多年一直生生不息。
都江堰，位于四川省都江堰市城西，是全世界迄今为止，年代最久，唯一留存的仍在一直使用的伟大水利工程。
Yu Qiuyu, a famous Chinese writer and scholar wrote that,
In my opinion, the most exciting project in Chinese history is not the Great Wall, but Dujiangyan.
中国当代作家余秋雨在散文《都江堰》开篇中写道“我以为，中国历史上最激动人心的工程不是长城，而是都江堰。”
In 316 BC, after the Qin State conquered Bashu area, Qin wanted to turn the Sichuan Basin into a super granary, but a problem arose at this time. As the most important river in the Sichuan Basin, the Minjiang River is a hanging river with a maximum altitude drop of 270 meters. People who lived in the area of the Min River were plagued by annual flooding.
公元前316年，秦国攻灭巴蜀后，想把四川盆地打造成一座超级粮仓，但此时出现一个难题。作为四川盆地最重要的河流岷江，是一条悬河，最高海拔落差270米，住在岷江地区的人们经常被凶猛的岷江困扰着。
King Zhao of Qin sent Li Bing hydrologist to solve this problem.
秦昭襄王便派水文学者李冰去解决这个难题。
After Li Bing and his son came to Sichuan, Li Bing determined the idea of water control after field investigation. Without building dams and changing the flow direction of the Minjiang River, he divided the Minjiang River into two parts inner stream and outer stream.
李冰父子来到蜀中后，经过实地考察，李冰确定了治水思路，在不修筑堤坝，不改变岷江流向的前提下，将岷江一分为二，内江引水至成都平原，外江排涝泄洪。
inner river ( Chinese内江) redirects a portion of the river's flow and then to cut a channel through Mount Yulei to discharge the excess water upon the dry Chengdu Plain beyond.
内江将部分河水改道，然后在玉垒山开凿一条河道，将多余的水排到远处干燥的成都平原。
Outer stream( Chinese 外江) remains the direction of the river’s flow and it is used for drainage and flood discharge.
外江是保留了岷江的原始走向，用于排涝泄洪。
Cutting the channel proved to be a far greater problem. Li Bing and his son adopted the method of combining fire and water to heat and cool the rocks until they cracked and could be removed. After eight years of work, a 20-meter (66 ft)-wide channel (The Baopingkou or Bottle-Neck Channel (Chinese:宝瓶口) had been gouged through the mountain.
事实证明，开凿出一条河道是一个更大的问题。李冰父子在没有火药的情况下，历时8年，用热胀冷缩的办法开凿出了一个山口宽20米的宝瓶口。
Just making one channel is definitely not enough. In order to divert water more efficiently, Li Bing and his son built a Yuzui or Fish Mouth Levee (Chinese:鱼嘴). It divides the water into inner and outer streams. The inner stream is deep and narrow, while the outer stream is relatively shallow but wide. This special structure ensures that the inner stream carries approximately 60% of the river's flow into the irrigation system during dry season. While during flood, this amount decreases to 40% to protect the people from flooding. The outer stream drains away the rest, flushing out much of the silt and sediment.
仅仅打出一个缺口肯定不行，为了更高效地引水，李冰父子在河流中心，建了鱼嘴。它将水分成内江和外江。内江深而窄，外江较浅但宽。这种特殊的结构确保内江在枯水期将大约 60% 的河水输送到灌溉系统。 丰水期，这个比例减少到40%，以保护人们免受洪水的侵害。外江排出其余部分，冲走大部分淤泥和沉积物。
After the water quantity problem was solved, Li Bing and his son built The Feishayan or Flying Sand Weir (Chinese:飞沙堰) and Lidui (Chinese:离堆) to prevent sediment from clogging the mouth of Baopingkou. The Baopingkou is narrower than the inner stream. When the water from the inner stream flows to the Baopingkou, the river channel suddenly narrows. In addition, Lidui blocks the water flow, which will form a backflow.
水量问题解决后，为了防止泥沙堵塞宝瓶口，李冰父子修建了飞沙堰和离堆。宝瓶口比内江狭窄，内江水流至宝瓶口处，河道突然变窄，加上离堆对水流的阻拦，就会形成回流。
The sand and stones in the water will be thrown to the Feishayan (Chinese:飞沙堰), and the remaining small amount of sand and stones will be deposited in the Fengqi Nest (Chinese: 风栖窝) opposite the Feishayan, and will be taken out by the river workers every year.
When the flood comes, the excess water will be drained through the Feishayan. In this way, the second level of automatic diversion is automatically formed.
水中的沙石就会被甩飞到飞沙堰，剩余的少量沙石沉淀在飞沙堰对面的风栖窝，每年由河工掏出，洪水到来时，多余的水还会通过飞沙堰排向外江，这样就自动形成了第二级自动分流。
The Dujiangyan irrigation system turned the Chengdu Plain into a super granary of the Qin State. Li Bing and his sons applied the Chinese philosophy of harmony between man and nature and letting nature take its course in the project, making Dujiangyan continue to thrive for more than two thousand years.
都江堰的建成使成都平原一跃成为了秦国的超级粮仓。李冰父子将天人合一，顺其自然的中国哲学思想应用在工程之中，使都江堰历经两千多年一直生生不息。
